In thisCoronary artery diseases, stroke, heart failure, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy 4 Common Diseases of the Cardiovascular System Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) Caused by atherosclerotic plaque in arteries supplying blood to legsHeart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. Before the age of 16-years-old, with no evident etiology.Pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus Gerardo Rodriguez-Araujoa,b and Hironori Nakagamic Diabetes mellitus elicits cellular, epigenetic, and post-translational changes that directly or indirectly affect the biology of the vasculature and other metabolic systems resulting in the apparition of cardiovascular disease. Movat's stain.International Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases is a peer reviewed, open access journal. Important advances in our understanding of its pathophysiology contributed to clarifying the Micrograph of a heart with fibrosis (yellow) and amyloidosis (brown). Hypertension remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and significantly impacts the risk of all major cardiovascular events, including stroke, sudden cardiac death, coronary heart disease, heart failure, abdominal aortic aneurysm, and peripheral vascular disease.
(CVD), such as coronary heart disease (CHD) and ischemic stroke.810 The development of these. The most common type is coronary artery disease, which can cause heart attack. 1 The term heart disease refers to several types of heart conditions. That’s one in every four deaths in this country.
It is estimated that up to 90% of CVD may be preventable. Rheumatic heart disease may follow untreated strep throat. High blood pressure is estimated to account for approximately 13% of CVD deaths, while tobacco accounts for 9%, diabetes 6%, lack of exercise 6% and obesity 5%. This may be caused by high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes mellitus, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, excessive alcohol consumption, and poor sleep, among others.
The use of aspirin in people, who are otherwise healthy, is of unclear benefit. Treating people who have strep throat with antibiotics can decrease the risk of rheumatic heart disease. Treating risk factors, such as high blood pressure, blood lipids and diabetes is also beneficial.
Coronary artery disease and stroke account for 80% of CVD deaths in males and 75% of CVD deaths in females. Deaths, at a given age, from CVD are more common and have been increasing in much of the developing world, while rates have declined in most of the developed world since the 1970s. Together CVD resulted in 17.9 million deaths (32.1%) in 2015, up from 12.3 million (25.8%) in 1990.
Diagnosis of disease typically occurs seven to ten years earlier in men as compared to women. The average age of death from coronary artery disease in the developed world is around 80 while it is around 68 in the developing world. In the United States 11% of people between 20 and 40 have CVD, while 37% between 40 and 60, 71% of people between 60 and 80, and 85% of people over 80 have CVD.
Peripheral arterial disease – disease of blood vessels that supply blood to the arms and legs Coronary artery disease (also known as coronary heart disease and ischemic heart disease) They are known as vascular diseases.
Heart failure - a clinical syndrome caused by the inability of the heart to supply sufficient blood to the tissues to meet their metabolic requirements Hypertensive heart disease – diseases of the heart secondary to high blood pressure or hypertension Cardiomyopathy – diseases of cardiac muscle
Eosinophilic myocarditis - inflammation of the myocardium caused by pathologically activated eosinophilic white blood cells. It is characterized in part by infiltration of the heart by lymphocyte and monocyte types of white blood cells. Myocarditis – inflammation of the myocardium, the muscular part of the heart, caused most often by viral infection and less often by bacterial infections, certain medications, toxins, and autoimmune disorders. The structures most commonly involved are the heart valves. Endocarditis – inflammation of the inner layer of the heart, the endocardium. Cardiac dysrhythmias – abnormalities of heart rhythm
While the individual contribution of each risk factor varies between different communities or ethnic groups the overall contribution of these risk factors is very consistent. Rheumatic heart disease – heart muscles and valves damage due to rheumatic fever caused by Streptococcus pyogenes a group A streptococcal infection.There are many risk factors for heart diseases: age, sex, tobacco use, physical inactivity, excessive alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet, obesity, genetic predisposition and family history of cardiovascular disease, raised blood pressure ( hypertension), raised blood sugar ( diabetes mellitus), raised blood cholesterol ( hyperlipidemia), undiagnosed celiac disease, psychosocial factors, poverty and low educational status, air pollution and poor sleep. Congenital heart disease – heart structure malformations existing at birth
Multiple explanations are proposed to explain why age increases the risk of cardiovascular/heart diseases. Simultaneously, the risk of stroke doubles every decade after age 55. It is estimated that 82 percent of people who die of coronary heart disease are 65 and older.
Estrogen may have protective effects on glucose metabolism and hemostatic system, and may have direct effect in improving endothelial cell function. Among women, estrogen is the predominant sex hormone. Another study reports similar results finding that sex differences explains nearly half the risk associated with cardiovascular diseases One of the proposed explanations for sex differences in cardiovascular diseases is hormonal difference. In a study done by the World Health Organization, sex contributes to approximately 40% of the variation in sex ratios of coronary heart disease mortality. Coronary heart diseases are 2 to 5 times more common among middle-aged men than women. If a female has diabetes, she is more likely to develop heart disease than a male with diabetes.
Risks to health from tobacco use result not only from direct consumption of tobacco, but also from exposure to second-hand smoke. TobaccoCigarettes are the major form of smoked tobacco. This may be caused by the women's smaller body size and arterial dimensions which are independent of menopause. In the very elderly, age-related large artery pulsatility and stiffness is more pronounced among women than men. Among men and women, there are differences in body weight, height, body fat distribution, heart rate, stroke volume, and arterial compliance.
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